Helma Goldmark, Austrian Holocaust refugee who joined resistance, dies at 98 in the United States.
She fled her native Austria and made her way to Italy, where as a teen she helped secure supplies for an operation that produced false documents for Jewish refugees.
Goldmark had lost her mother to cancer before the Anschluss, and her only sibling, a sister 19 years her senior, lived in Italy. With her father — and then alone, after he was taken to a concentration camp and murdered — she set out on a perilous journey that took her to fascist Croatia and Nazi-occupied Rome.
After the liberation of Rome, Mrs Goldmark worked for the American military government as a translator and later for the American Joint Distribution Committee.
